Europe

 

Share of the German population with a migration background. Today, this applies to nearly 1 in 3 residents.

19th century was better but much of it destroyed

 

The original Tonhalle concert hall in Zurich, Switzerland, shortly after its construction in 1895. They tore this down after a little over 30 years in 1930!

Old Penn Station in NY

New Penn Station

Tuition-Free Universities

 

Austria Jappa Update

@_AustriaUpdates

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18h

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, Here are Twenty-five (25) Tuition-Free Universities in Germany : 1. Heidelberg University 2. Humboldt University of Berlin 3. Free University of Berlin 4. Georg-August University of Goettingen (University of Goettingen) 5. University of Hamburg 6. University of Stuttgart 7. Technical University of Munich (TUM) 8. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 9. RWTH Aachen University 10. Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin) 11. Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen 12. Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg 13. University of Bremen 14. Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam 15. Ulm University 16. University of Passau 17. University of Kaiserslautern 18. TU Clausthal 19. TU Braunschweig 20. BTU Cottbus – Senftenberg 21. Magdeburg University 22. Technical University of Dresden (TU Dresden) 23. Goethe University Frankfurt 24. University of Münster (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster) 25. University of Cologne

important word

  Word: überheblich

arrogant, presumptuous

Old English from Kyoto

 Old English is NOT the language of Shakespeare

When you look beyond the "thee" and "thou," Shakespeare's English is actually quite similar to ours Old English is much older—by 1,000 years or more Compare Shakespeare's English with the Old English of King Alfred:

If you go by the sheer quantity of words, most of modern English comes from Latin, mainly through French.

These words are elegant and sophisticated:

-Conflict -Paternal -Veracity The words that come from Old English are simple and direct: -Fight -Father

-Truth

Understanding Old English helps make modern English make more sense:

Are “old wives’ tales” exclusively told by married women?

No. In Old English, the word “wīf” simply meant woman—so old wives’ tales are really tales of old women.

But then something strange happened…

Eventually the word «wife» changed to mean «married woman»

Which is why Old English had to create a new term for «woman» in the general sense

It added the word for «person» («mann») to the end of wīf:

wīf + mann = wīfmann, or, woman.

Old English had many of the strange sounds for which English is known:

-The sound of “th” in “thin”

-The sound of “w” in “water” In fact, modern English is one of the few European languages that preserves the old sound of “w”

In the others, it disappeared or turned into a “v” sound (like the German “w”)

When the Anglo-Saxons adopted the Latin alphabet, there were no symbols for these sounds, since Latin didn't have them.

But the Anglo-Saxon monks had an ingenious solution: they used the ancient runic symbols for the sounds.

For example, the sound we write as “th” was written as “þ”.

The spelling of “th” as “þ” continued until the era of the printing press

English printers used letter types imported from the continent — where “þ” was unknown

The closest letter they had was “y” So “the” was written “ye” — as in “ye olde shoppe”

But it was still pronounced “th”!

The structure of sentences in Old English was different from Modern English — but we still see fossils of it

For example, you can say “I have never done that"

Or you can move the verb “have” to the 2nd position and say: “Never have I done that"

This is exactly how it worked in Old English

Kyoto