Tuesday, November 4, 2025

Realschule

"Realschule, reˈaːlʃuːlə German secondary school with an emphasis on the practical that evolved in the mid-18th century as a six-year alternative to the nine-year gymnasium. It was distinguished by its practical curriculum (natural science and chemistry) and use of chemistry laboratories and workshops for wood and glass. The realschule became the model for educational reformers in other countries." (This note and following ones from Wikipedia) It is pronounced ReeAl Shuleh. 

"A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education," meaning after primary school, which is grade school where you learn the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic.

I believe this is pretty much what American high schools were like 50 years ago when the day included wood and metal shop and home economics and science labs and language study and gym, when the goal of high school wasn't to get into college where the goal is to get into graduate school. I imagine that many yeshiva boys would be thrilled to get a Real Schule education. 

The second secondary school building with a lyceum of the Israelite Religious Society, which was inaugurated in 1881:



 "The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Basic science and some introduction to specific professions are generally taught." 

"The name lycée was retrieved and utilized by Napoleon in 1802 to name the main secondary education establishments. From France the name spread in many countries influenced by French culture."

"Lyceum is a Latin rendering of the Ancient Greek Λύκειον (Lykeion), the name of a gymnasium in Classical Athens dedicated to Apollo Lyceus. This original lyceum is remembered as the location of the peripatetic school of Aristotle. Some countries derive the name for their modern schools from the Latin but use the Greek name for the ancient school: for example, Dutch has lykeion (ancient) and lyceum (modern), both rendered lyceum in English (note that in classical Latin the C in lyceum was always pronounced as a K, not a soft C, as in modern English)."

"The Lyceum (Ancient Greek: Λύκειον, romanized: Lykeion) was a temple in Athens dedicated to Apollo Lyceus ("Apollo the wolf-god"[1])."  λύκος transliterated lýkos means wolf in Greek.

"The remains of the Lyceum are now in a park in modern Athens; they were discovered in 1996."

"The gymnasium (Ancient Greek: γυμνάσιον, romanized: gymnásion) in Ancient Greece functioned as a training facility for competitors in public games. It was also a place for socializing and engaging in intellectual pursuits. The name comes from the Ancient Greek term gymnós, meaning "naked" or "nude". Only adult male citizens were allowed to use the gymnasia."

The Greeks could be brilliant but between their crazy deities, their wars, and their nude wrestling, they were nuts.

"The Peripatetic school (Ancient Greek: Περίπατος lit. 'walkway') was a philosophical school founded in 335 BC by Aristotle in the Lyceum in ancient Athens. It was an informal institution whose members conducted philosophical and scientific inquiries. The school fell into decline after the middle of the 3rd century BC, but had a revival in the Roman Empire."

"The term peripatetic is a transliteration of the Ancient Greek word peripatētikós, meaning 'of walking' or 'given to walking about'.[1] The Peripatetic school, founded by Aristotle,[2] was actually known simply as the Peripatos.[3] Aristotle's school came to be so named because of the peripatoi ('walkways', some covered or with colonnades) of the Lyceum where the members met.[4] The legend that the name came from Aristotle's alleged habit of walking while lecturing may have started with Hermippus of Smyrna.[5]"

Also the term Apollo Lyceus refers to a statue. "The Apollo Lyceus (Greek: Ἀπόλλων Λύκειος, Apollōn Lukeios) type, also known as Lycean Apollo, originating with Praxiteles[1] and known from many full-size statue and figurine copies as well as from 1st century BCE Athenian coinage, is a statue type of Apollo showing the god resting on a support (a tree trunk or tripod), his right forearm touching the top of his head and his hair fixed in braids on the top of a head in a haircut typical of childhood. It is called "Lycean" not after Lycia itself, but after its identification with a lost work described, though not attributed to a sculptor, by Lucian as being on show in the Lyceum, one of the gymnasia of Athens."

"Lucian of Samosata[a] (Λουκιανὸς ὁ Σαμοσατεύς, c. 125 – after 180) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed superstition, religious practices, and belief in the paranormal. Although his native language was probably Syriac, all of his extant works are written entirely in ancient Greek (mostly in the Attic Greek dialect popular during the Second Sophistic period)."

"Lycia (/ˈlɪsiə/;[1] Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊖 Trm̃mis; Greek: Λυκία, Lykia; Turkish: Likya) was a historical region in Anatolia from 15–14th centuries BC (as Lukka) to 546 BC. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea in what is today the provinces of Antalya and Muğla in Turkey as well some inland parts of Burdur Province. The region was known to history from the Late Bronze Age records of ancient Egypt and the Hittite Empire." (Wikipedia)

I believe that what all of this is saying is the Napoleon named the secondary schools as lycée after Aristotle's school that was called Lyceum because it was dedicated to Apollo the wolf-god, lýkos means wolf in Greek. 

The Hirsch Real Schule was  located at Tiergarten 8 (today: Bernhard Grzimek Avenue, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee 8, across from the zoo.)
















School typeSecondary school for boys, Lyceum for girls
Founding1853
Closing1939; reopened 1946 to 1948

Studentaround 400 (1928)
Teachers22 (1928)


1853–1871

The secondary school with lyceum of the Israelite Religious Society was opened in 1853 on the southwestern edge of the Pfingstweide, a former parade ground, on Schützenstrasse Ostend through Rabbis Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808–1888), who also served as the first headmaster.[2] The western part of the Ostend was largely influenced by its Jewish population until the Second World War.





1864: The secondary school with lyceum of the Israelite Religious Society (the second building shown completely from the upper left corner) Hanauer_Bahnhof







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